Herbert Bayers Poster for the European Arts and Crafts 1927

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Herbert Bayer. Humanly Impossible (Self-Portrait). 1932. Gelatin silver print, 15 v/16 x 11 9/sixteen" (38.nine ten 29.3 cm). The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Thomas Walther Drove. Acquired through the generosity of Howard Stein (MoMA 1611.2001). © 2014 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn

Artistic polymath Herbert Bayer was one of the Bauhaus's well-nigh influential students, teachers, and proponents, advocating the integration of all arts throughout his career. Bayer began his studies every bit an architect in 1919 in Darmstadt. From 1921 to 1923 he attended the Bauhaus in Weimar, studying mural painting with Vasily Kandinsky and typography, creating the Universal alphabet, a typeface consisting of only lowercase messages that would become the signature font of the Bauhaus. Bayer returned to the Bauhaus from 1925 to 1928 (moving in 1926 to Dessau, its second location), working equally a teacher of advertising, design, and typography, integrating photographs into graphic compositions. He began making his ain photographs in 1928, after leaving the Bauhaus; however, in his years as a teacher the school was a fertile basis for the New Vision photography passionately promoted by his shut colleague László Moholy-Nagy, Moholy-Nagy's students, and his Bauhaus publication Malerei, Photographie, Pic (Painting, photography, film). Most of Bayer's photographs come from the decade 1928–38, when he was based in Berlin working equally a commercial artist. They stand for his broad approach to fine art, including graphic views of architecture (MoMA 1612.2001) and carefully crafted montages (MoMA 1611.2001).

In 1938 Bayer emigrated to the U.s.a. with an invitation from Alfred H. Barr, Jr., founding director of The Museum of Modern Art, New York, to apply his theories of display to the installation of the exhibition Bauhaus: 1919–28 (1938) at MoMA. Bayer developed this function through close collaboration with Edward Steichen, caput of the young Department of Photography, designing the show Route to Victory (1942), which would prepare the course for Steichen's influential approach to photography exhibition. Bayer remained in America working as a graphic designer for the balance of his career.

—Mitra Abbaspour

Coming together Points

Cultural Hubs Berlin
New York
Photo Industry Hubs London
Schools Bauhaus, 1919–33
Levy Gallery, 1931–49
Exhibitions Twenty-seven Photographers, 1932
Film und Foto, 1929
Foto der Gegenwart, 1929
Fotomontage, 1931
Publications Vogue, 1892–1949
Das deutsche Lichtbild, 1927–38
Vu, 1928–31
Foto-Auge, 1929
Es kommt der neue Fotograf!, 1929

Creative person Chronology

April 5, 1900	Born At location: Herbert Bayer	Salzburg
1917–eighteen	Drafted into the Fourteenth Infantry Regiment of the Austrian army At location: Herbert Bayer	Austria
October 1919–September 1920	Apprentice to Georg Schmidthammer, who leads an arts and crafts atelier Familiarizes himself with the Vienna Secession and Deutscher Werkbund At location: Herbert Bayer	Linz
October 1921–jump 1922	Studies in the Bauhaus Foundation Courses, which are taught at the fourth dimension by Johannes Itten At location: Herbert Bayer	Weimar
1923	Irene Hecht attends a Bauhaus exhibit for the first fourth dimension and meets Herbert Bayer At location: Herbert Bayer, Irene Bayer-Hecht	Weimar
1923	Designs the binding for and contributes drawings to Staatliches Bauhaus in Weimar 1919–1923, the catalogue of the exhibition Kunst und Technik - Eine Neue Einheit Contributor: Herbert Bayer	Weimar
1925	Irene Hecht and Herbert Bayer are married At location: Herbert Bayer, Irene Bayer-Hecht	Dessau
1925–28	Irene Bayer-Hecht and Herbert Bayer work together at the Bauhaus. Bayer serves equally director of the printing and advertising workshops Bayer-Hecht would frequently develop and enlarge Bayer's photographs. During this catamenia Bayer establishes lowercase as the house style. At location: Herbert Bayer, Irene Bayer-Hecht	Dessau
Fall 1925	Visits Paris, where he shoots straight photography for the first time At location: Herbert Bayer	Paris
1927	Meets Alfred Barr, Jr., at the Bauhaus At location: Herbert Bayer	Dessau
April 1927–October 1928	Erich Comeriner studies at the Bauhaus, taking courses in the advertising department with Herbert Bayer At location: Herbert Bayer, Erich Comeriner	Dessau
1928	Irene Bayer-Hecht and Herbert Bayer dissever but remain married At location: Herbert Bayer, Irene Bayer-Hecht	Dessau
1928	Creates the photomontage comprehend of Bauhaus Zeitschrift At location: Herbert Bayer	Dessau
January–February 1928	Upon leaving the Bauhaus, travels by bike around Marseilles and shoots straight photography At location: Herbert Bayer	Marseilles
May–October 1928	Internationale Presse-Ausstellung des Deutschen Werkbund, aka "Pressa" Designer: Herbert Bayer, Max Burchartz, El Lissitzky Participant: El Lissitzky, Walter A. Peterhans	Cologne
Summertime 1928	Exhibition of Kurt Schwitters's grouping the Neue Werbegestalter Participant: Herbert Bayer, László Moholy-Nagy	Magdeburg
Fall 1928	Becomes art manager of High german Vogue and design director of the international advertising agency Dorland Studio At location: Herbert Bayer	Berlin
1929	Irene Bayer-Hecht writes the catalogue introduction for Herbert Bayer's solo exhibition at Künstlerbund März Participant: Herbert Bayer Contributor: Irene Bayer-Hecht	Linz
1929	Franz Roh publishes Foto-Auge: 76 Fotos der Zeit Contributor: Herbert Bayer, Max Burchartz, Florence Henri, El Lissitzky, Man Ray (Emmanuel Radnitzky), László Moholy-Nagy, Walter A. Peterhans, Albert Renger-Patzsch, Maurice Tabard, Umbo (Otto Umbehr), Edward Weston, Franz Roh, Semyon Fridlyand, Robert Petschow, Sasha Rock, Dziga Vertov, Hans Finsler, Paul Edmund Hahn, J. Jay Hirz	Stuttgart
1929	Werner Graeff publishes Es kommt der neue Fotograf! Contributor: Herbert Bayer, El Lissitzky, Human being Ray (Emmanuel Radnitzky), Albert Renger-Patzsch, Hans Richter, Umbo (Otto Umbehr), Oskar Nerlinger, Sasha Stone, Dziga Vertov, Hans Finsler, Cami Stone	Berlin
January twenty–Feb 17, 1929	Fotografie der Gegenwart at Museum Folkwang Kestner Gesellschaft 5.V, Königstrasse viii, Hannover March 10–April vii, 1929 Galerie Neumann-Nierendorf, Lützowstrasse 32, Berlin April xx–May 20, 1929 Whitechapel Fine art Gallery, London June half-dozen–29, 1929 Frankfurter Kunstverein, Frankfurt July vii–Baronial 8, 1929 Leipziger Kunstverein, Augustusplatz half dozen, Leipzig August eighteen–September 8, 1929 Lichthof des Neuen Rathauses, Dresden September 15–October 6, 1929 Kunstverein, Rostock Oct xx-Nov 10, 1929 am Adolf-Mittag-See, Städtisches Ausstellungsamt, Magdeburg November 28–December xix, 1929 Landesgewerbeanstalt, Kaiserslautern February 23–March 23, 1930 Vereinigung Göttinger Kunstfreunde, Göttingen May eighteen–June eight, 1930 Participant: Berenice Abbott, Herbert Bayer, Aenne Biermann, Max Burchartz, Florence Henri, Lotte Jacobi, André Kertész, Germaine Krull, El Lissitzky, Man Ray (Emmanuel Radnitzky), László Moholy-Nagy, Walter A. Peterhans, Albert Renger-Patzsch, Hans Richter, August Sander, Umbo (Otto Umbehr), Lucia Moholy, Karl Blossfeldt, Erich Comeriner, Eli Lotar, Oskar Nerlinger, Robert Petschow, Frieda Gertrud Riess, Sasha Stone, Hans Finsler, Paul Edmund Hahn, Cami Stone	Essen
March 21–April two, 1929	Commencement solo exhibition, at Galerie Povolozky Participant: Herbert Bayer	Paris
April 20–May 20, 1929	Neue Typografie at Staatliche Künstlerbibliothek Participant: Herbert Bayer, Aenne Biermann, Max Burchartz, César Domela-Nieuwenhuis, László Moholy-Nagy, Oskar Nerlinger	Berlin
May eighteen–July seven, 1929	Internationale Ausstellung des Deutschen Werkbunds Film und Foto (FiFo) at Städtische Ausstellungshallen Kunstgewerbemuseum, Zurich Baronial 28–September 22, 1929 Im Lichthof des Ehemaligen Kunstgewerbemuseums, Prinz-Albrechs-Strasse 7, Berlin October 19–November 17, 1929 Stadtmuseum, Danzig (dates unknown) Österreichisches Museum, Vienna February xx–March 31, 1930 Agram, Zagreb April 5–14, 1930 Münchner Bund/Verein Ausstellungspark München Due east.V. (every bit part of Internationale Ausstellung. Das Lichtbild), Munich June five–September 7, 1930 Asahi Shimbun, Tokyo April 1931 Asahi Shimbun, Osaka July 1–7, 1931 Participant: Berenice Abbott, Herbert Bayer, Aenne Biermann, Anton Bruehl, Francis Bruguière, Max Burchartz, Florence Henri, André Kertész, Germaine Krull, Helmar Lerski, El Lissitzky, Human being Ray (Emmanuel Radnitzky), László Moholy-Nagy, Walter A. Peterhans, Albert Renger-Patzsch, Hans Richter, Aleksandr Rodchenko, Charles Sheeler, Edward Steichen, Maurice Tabard, Umbo (Otto Umbehr), Edward Weston, Lucia Moholy, Werner Rohde, George Hoyningen-Huene, Gustav Klutsis, Karl Blossfeldt, Heinz Loew, Erich Comeriner, Semyon Fridlyand, Roman Karmen, Eli Lotar, Oskar Nerlinger, Robert Petschow, Sasha Rock, Dziga Vertov, Yva (Else Simon), Willy Zielke, Irene Bayer-Hecht, Hans Finsler, Cami Stone Organizer: El Lissitzky, László Moholy-Nagy, Hans Richter, Edward Steichen, Edward Weston, Dziga Vertov Visitor: Alexander Hackenschmied	Stuttgart
May 18–June 2, 1929	Solo exhibition at Künstlerbund März Participant: Herbert Bayer	Linz
June 11–30, 1930	Paris exposition de la Société des Artistes Décorateurs Herbert Bayer designs the display, exhibition layout, catalogue, and poster for the Section Allemande of the German Werkbund Exhibition. Designer: Herbert Bayer	Paris
December 1930 and January 1931	Exhibition of Foreign Advertising Photography at the Art Center Participant: Herbert Bayer, Florence Henri, André Kertész, George Hoyningen-Huene	New York
1931	Solo exhibition of paintings, drawings, and work in other mediums at the Bauhaus Participant: Herbert Bayer	Dessau
1931	Wins first prize in the inaugural international exhibition of advertisement photography Participant: Herbert Bayer	Berlin
April 25–May 31, 1931	Fotomontage at Staatliche Kunstbibliothek Participant: Herbert Bayer, César Domela-Nieuwenhuis, Raoul Hausmann, El Lissitzky, László Moholy-Nagy, Aleksandr Rodchenko, Gustav Klutsis, Oskar Nerlinger Organizer: César Domela-Nieuwenhuis	Berlin
May 9–August 2, 1931	Baugewerkschafts-Austellung Designer: Herbert Bayer, László Moholy-Nagy	Berlin
January nine–29, 1932	Surrealism at the Julien Levy Gallery Participant: Herbert Bayer, André Kertész, George Platt Lynes, Man Ray (Emmanuel Radnitzky), László Moholy-Nagy, Roger Parry, Maurice Tabard, Umbo (Otto Umbehr), Jacques-André Boiffard	New York
February 20–March 11, 1932	Modern European Photography at the Julien Levy Gallery Participant: Herbert Bayer, Florence Henri, André Kertész, László Moholy-Nagy, Roger Parry, Walter A. Peterhans, Maurice Tabard, Umbo (Otto Umbehr), Jacques-André Boiffard, Eli Lotar, Lee Miller	New York
July 27–September 7, 1932	Twenty-seven Photographers at Wertheim Gallery Participant: Herbert Bayer, Anton Bruehl, Francis Bruguière, Man Ray (Emmanuel Radnitzky), László Moholy-Nagy, Albert Renger-Patzsch, Edward Steichen	London
1936	Publishes a portfolio of ten photoplastics in an edition of five signed and numbered copies Contributor: Herbert Bayer	Berlin
March two–April 19, 1936	Cubism and Abstract Art at The Museum of Modern Fine art Participant: Herbert Bayer, Constantin Brancusi, Francis Bruguière, César Domela-Nieuwenhuis, Lyonel Feininger, Man Ray (Emmanuel Radnitzky), László Moholy-Nagy, Hans Richter, Aleksandr Rodchenko	New York
Dec seven, 1936–January 17, 1937	Fantastic Art, Dada, Surrealism at The Museum of Modern Art Participant: Herbert Bayer, César Domela-Nieuwenhuis, Walker Evans, Raoul Hausmann, George Platt Lynes, Human Ray (Emmanuel Radnitzky), László Moholy-Nagy	New York
Bound 1937	Solo exhibition of drawings, paintings, and photomontages at the London Gallery Participant: Herbert Bayer	London
June 1937	László Moholy-Nagy invites Herbert Bayer to teach graphic pattern at the New Bauhaus, just Bayer declines Affiliated: Herbert Bayer At location: László Moholy-Nagy	Chicago
July 19–Nov 30, 1937	Entartete Kunst at the Institute of Archeology in the Hofgarten Participant: Herbert Bayer, Lyonel Feininger, Raoul Hausmann, László Moholy-Nagy, Georg Muche	Munich
1938	Bayer-Hecht's and Bayer'due south negative archives are sent to Vienna The negatives are destroyed during the state of war. Affiliated: Herbert Bayer, Irene Bayer-Hecht	Vienna
Dec seven, 1938–January 30, 1939	Bauhaus: 1919–1928 at The Museum of Modern Art Designer: Herbert Bayer Participant: Florence Henri, László Moholy-Nagy	New York
1939	Solo exhibition at Blackness Mountain College Participant: Herbert Bayer	Asheville
1939	Solo exhibition at PM Gallery Participant: Herbert Bayer	New York
Dec 1939	PM devotes a special issue to Bayer Contributor: Herbert Bayer	New York
June 11–26, 1941	A History of Modern Poster at The Museum of Modern Art Participant: Herbert Bayer	New York
October 1941	Advance Baby-sit of Advert Artists at Katherine Kuh Gallery Participant: Herbert Bayer, László Moholy-Nagy Organizer: György Kepes	Chicago
July ii–October 31, 1943	Road to Victory, curated by Edward Steichen, at The Museum of Mod Fine art Designer: Herbert Bayer Organizer: Edward Steichen	New York
1944	Bayer-Hecht and Bayer divorce At location: Herbert Bayer, Irene Bayer-Hecht	Reno
May 24–October 22, 1944	Design for Use at The Museum of Modern Fine art Participant: Berenice Abbott, Herbert Bayer, Constantin Brancusi	New York
July 27, 1944	Becomes an American citizen At location: Herbert Bayer	New York
Oct v–December 4, 1949	Modern Art in Your Life at The Museum of Modern Fine art Participant: Herbert Bayer, László Moholy-Nagy	New York
1951	First Conference on Photography, held at the Aspen Establish Abbott delivers a lecture condemning pictorialism and its adherents At location: Berenice Abbott, Herbert Bayer	Aspen
September thirty, 1985	Dies At location: Herbert Bayer	Santa Barbara